Complications of atherosclerosis (e.g., myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, gangrene) are involved in roughly one-half of deaths in the United States. Counsel and treat reproductive-age women appropriately (e.g., take care in treating acne with the vitamin A analog isotretinoin).ħ. Think of menstrual loss in reproductive-age women and of cancer in men and menopausal women if no other cause is obvious.Ħ. Minerals: iron-deficiency anemia is the most common cause of anemia. Consider offering vitamin D supplementation to geriatric adults who are at increased risk of falls or have a history of recurrent falls.ĥ. Watch for Wernicke encephalopathy in alcoholics and treat with thiamine to prevent Korsakoff dementia. Isoniazid causes pyridoxine (vitamin B6) deficiency. Watch for pernicious anemia, and treat with vitamin B12 to prevent permanent neurologic deficits.
Vitamins: give folate to reproductive-age women prior to conception and throughout pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects. In alcoholic hepatitis, the classic ratio of aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase is greater than or equal to 2:1, although both may be elevated.Ĥ. Alcohol is the number-one cause of preventable mental retardation (fetal alcohol syndrome) it also causes cancer and cirrhosis and is potentially fatal in withdrawal.ģ. More than half of accidental and intentional (e.g., murder and suicide) deaths involve alcohol. Alcohol is the number-two cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in the United States.
Smoking is the number-one cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in the United States (e.g., atherosclerosis, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).Ģ.
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